From Mill town to Utopia essays

From Mill town to Utopia expositions During the mid 1800s lady were as yet not ready to cast a ballot but rather had the option to work. In the article, From Utopia to Mill Town. Ladies decided to work in plants rather than progressively formal employments. Working in the factories permitted lady to get more compensation and gave them a feeling of opportunity. Lowells Mills utilized numerous ladies which were White Anglo-Saxon Protestant. Numerous ladies in the plants were from New England ranches. Having worked in ranches for such a long time gave ladies the possibility of schedule. The ladies who worked at factories were those of low earnings and needed to have autonomy from complete repetitiveness. As saw by most Americans if not all Americans those of low pay fantasy about having a brilliant way of life. Ladies who picked working in plants over customary occupations, for example, educating or house spouse yearned for that way of life Because of absence of work laws ladies had to work 6 days being up before daylight and completion at nightfall. The ladies got $2.00 to $4.00. This was a large portion of the normal working man. The ladies typically worked 12 hours daily relying upon the season. Ladies were just given 3 occasions per year without pay. Working in the plants were hazardous condition for any factory laborer to persevere. Because of absence of information on new machines numerous ladies were harmed. During the year the windows were nailed closed and ladies needed to endure the warmth and hazardous vapor noticeable all around. Pundits even expressed that ladies who worked in such conditions were returning home to bite the dust. It was a brutal time for ladies. Despite the fact that they were bringing in OK cash the consequences for there body and wellbeing might not have been justified, despite all the trouble. The Lowell try bombed because of increment hours and pay falling. The LFLRA (Lowell Female Labor Reform Association) and started challenging pay cuts and expanded hours in perilous conditions. Before long the gathering of ladies left the plant and Lowell had to higher moderate Irish ladies. These ladies were uneducated and regularly cost the plants more cash t... <!

Television and Media Essay - Children and TV Violence :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Youngsters and Television Violence   â â â â â â The offspring of America invest their energy in a wide range of exercises. One of the most tedious exercises is viewing television.â Television assumes an enormous job in the social and enthusiastic advancement of youngsters today. One great quality that TV has is that it passes on data and happenings around the globe that they may not in any case think about, however a few individuals have been addressing whether TV accomplishes more damage than good.â Many have been breaking down what influence brutality in grown-up appears just as youngsters' shows may have on kids.   â â â â â â Most guardians permit their kids to observe supposed child's shows without contemplating what may be contained inside them.â what number occasions has a specific tracker been seen chasing a certain wascally wabbit?â Most individuals would state by what method can an animation about a man chasing influence a child?â at the outset it may appear that it has no impact, in any case, looking nearer, it is anything but difficult to see that Bugs Rabbit has numerous human characteristics. Two of these qualities are communicating in English and strolling upright.â Something else that adds to this is in some cases youngsters can't make the qualification among dream and reality.â Quickly an animation about a man chasing a hare can transform into an account of murder.â â â Another animation character that may hurt youngsters is Yosimite Sam.â When he loses control, he starts to discharge his pair of firearms into the air and at other characters.â This could make youngsters act viciously to mollify their anger.â This incorporates hitting and tossing things.â This is an extraordinary perspective on the circumstance, yet who is to state that at any rate some portion of it isn't correct?   â â â â â â Children see brutality regularly in their kid's shows, however shouldn't something be said about shows that they watch in which individuals star.â These shows will more than likely reason more savagery than kid's shows would.â While watching a show, for example, Strong Morphin Power Rangers a kid sees very nearly 30 minutes of relentless fighting.â The show likewise has a dream story that interests to children.â After watching the show, a youngster may become exhausted in light of the fact that the truth of the network show is more interesting.â The kid at that point mirrors what was seen on television.â This is where the real savagery may begin.â Adult shows and motion pictures that are seen by kids could have far more terrible impacts than youngsters' shows.â In one archived case, a Californian kid that was seven years of age viewed a film one night.â In the film, a man put glass into soup that a partner of his was to eat.

Marketing and Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising and Product Life Cycle - Essay Example What's more, these will likewise help the organization in advising clients on the use regarding the new item. During the starting, in-store advancements will likewise be utilized so as to permit the clients to encounter and be instructed of Key Ring. Questions will be engaged and complimentary gifts will likewise be given to members. During the development stage, it is normal that the item will as of now be well known in the market however contenders are attempting to make up for lost time by making their own crusades. Procter and Gamble will counter this by giving higher limits to the organization's items. Packaging and in-store advancements will in any case be used. Taking note of the solid brand value of Procter and Gamble, it is normal that purchasers will at present incline toward its items and will look for additional approaches to get limits. Deals is required to tighten during development when request gradually balances out. Procter and Gamble can invigorate the utilization of Key Ring by including its new product offerings in the markdown coupons. Since the organization is especially forceful in presenting new item variations, it is particularly fitting to tempt clients in purchasing these items by permitting them to buy at a rebate.

Research Eschatology and its Relation to the Humankind Life - 1375 Words

Research Eschatology and its Relation to the Humankind Life: God's Future for the World (Essay Sample) Content: Eschatology and its relation to the humankind lifeNameInstitutionGod's Future for the WorldEschatology in Theology focuses on the final events of the human race, in other words, the eventual destiny of humanity (Tertullian, 2007).Believers view it as the end of times of the world where the living and the dead will be resurrected to be re-united with the Maker.In todays world, most of the mankind lack any idea of Gods plans for todays church, and His eternity plans. People have shallow knowledge about God's plan as it is seldom to find most churchgoers studying Bible. Indeed, the creator has a master plan in revealing his prime purpose to the human race. The majority of the pew believes in going to heaven while it is biblical that the kingdom will descend to the world where He shall reign forever after the Rapture (Revelation 11:15).The Christian hope is in resurrection not in dying and going to heavenAccording to Christianity faith, whenever a Christian die their spir it returns to God (Eccles. 12:7) and the body goes into dust. The soul lies in silence waiting for final judgement.The Bible talks of the final verdict of sin where those who disregarded Gods command and lived on earthly things will not see the heaven. Tertullian 2007, Christians presume that the Gods judgement will be a prelude to heaven and each is supposed to account for their lives in services to Christ. The believers who will survive Gods refining fire believe they will wear gold, silver and precious stones in their lives but for the unbelievers, they are doomed to the lake of fire.The relationship between Christ return and glorification and how it can provide hope to the churchIn Pauls letter to the Philippians, Christians are assured of the transformation of their lowly body to conform to the glorious body of Lord (Philippians 3:17-21).Their enemies are destined to complete destruction. After the rapture and judgement, they will be no atonement for their sins and the saviour will subj...

should the drinking age be lowered to 18 - 948 Words

In 2009, about 10.4 million young people between ages 12 and 20 drank more than â€Å"just a few sips† of alcohol (Underage). The drinking age should be lowered to age 18 because teens are considered adults at this age, less people in jail for hosting underage drinking, and teens can be taught responsible drinking. Although there is a negative side to lowering the drinking age because it can cause more motor-vehicle accidents, greater chance for alcohol problems, and the health risk it can cause. There is also warning signs to look for in a teen that is drinking underage the age of 21. Teens that are 18 are looked as adults –Teens at the age of 18 are â€Å"adults† they can vote, go get married, serve for the country, go to jury duties, and move†¦show more content†¦(Regional) Teens can be taught responsible drinking, by the Law coming up with permits and issuing them to teens till there about 21 to help them teach to be more responsible with drinking. Teens would be able to use these permits, in supervised areas, such as sport games, restaurants or bars, or even in their own home with their parents supervising them. They can take and complete alcohol related courses and have no alcohol related charges on their record before they are issued this permit that is like a drivers learning permit. (Ogilvie) Teens that do the underage drinking can have many health problems. Health problems that can be caused by underage drinking is Death, serious injuries, impaired judgment, increased risk for physical and sexual assault, brain development problems. All of these health problems are serious, and they aren’t thought about by teens before they have a drink. (Underage) Impaired judgments can be considered irresponsible drinking. Significant increase were als o found for other variables: â€Å"cutting class after drinking† jumped from 9% to almost 12%; â€Å"missing class because of hangover† went from 26% to 28%; â€Å"getting lower grades because of drinking† rose from 5% to 7% and â€Å"been in a fight after drinking† increased from 12% to 17%; these are examples of irresponsible behavior. (Dr. Ruth) There are a few warning signs that someone who is around teens a lot, or is a parent can look for ifShow MoreRelatedShould the Legal Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18?590 Words   |  2 PagesUnderage Drinking Age Position Paper Drinking is a serious problem in America. The current legal age is 21. But some people seem to disagree. Should the legal drinking age be lowered to 18? It’s a question that has been thrown around for years. I believe that the legal drinking age should stay at 21. There are so many more benefits and responsibilities you have at age 21. You don’t fully mature until you’re at least 20 years old. The amount of underage drinking fatalities that happen every yearRead MoreShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18? Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesargument amongst Americans is determining that the current legal drinking age which is 21 should be lowered to eighteen or not. Researching the following propaganda made me understand the dangers to the youth and people in America if the drinking age were to lower. Therefore i will argue with whoever disagrees with me that the drinking age should be lowered. Id like to explain six reasons to why the drinking age should not be lowered beginning with the strongest reasons. First reason being is thatRead MoreEssay about Why the Drinking Age Should Be Lowered to 18872 Words   |  4 PagesLowering the drinking age to 18 would make a lot of sense in the world. Lowering the drinking age to 18 would make more sense. It would be better for the teens that drink on college campus. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because you can vote at eighteen, buy tobacco, it’ll reduce the thrill of breaking the law, evidence supports that early introduction of drinking is the safest way to reduce juvenile alcohol abuse, and college people that are not 21 drink also. If teenagers that are nowRead MoreLowering Legal Drinking Age Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesLowering the Drinking Age Half the United States population starts drinking at the age of 14.When you are 18 you have privileges like joining the army. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) You can go to war and die for your country but you still can not enjoy an ice cold beer. (Mitch Adams Lowering the drinking age page 1) How is being 21 different from being 18? How does three more years of not drinking make you mature enough to drink? The longer you drink the more you start toRead MoreControversial Analysis: Drinking Age1278 Words   |  6 PagesCarolina Quiroga April 02, 2012 Leslie Jones English 102 The Drinking Age and Young Adults. Because underage drinking is a major problem for young adults, the drinking age has become a very controversial issue. In the 1990s, the drinking age was 18, but it was changed to 21 in 1984. The Federal Government informed states to choose between raising the drinking age to 21 or foregoing highway funding. This decision obviously affected 18 to 20 year olds who could no longer buy alcoholic beverages.Read MoreLegalizing the Drinking Age to 181624 Words   |  7 PagesLegalizing the Drinking Age to 18 When people turn to the age of eighteen, they are finally considered an adult. They can join the army, have the right to vote, buy cigarettes or tobacco products, get a tattoo and even die for our country, but they aren’t allowed to buy alcohol? A person can be responsible enough to live on his or her own, make money, pay bills, and yet they are not old enough to purchase or consume any type of alcohol. Underage drinking has been a major controversial issue forRead MoreWhy Lowering The Drinking Age Is A Good Idea?. Lowering1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Drinking Age is a Good Idea? Lowering the drinking age to 18 in the United States has been a source of controversy in recent years. It has been a controversial topic because many people disagree, while many agree with the topic. For example, the people who disagree and are against lowering the drinking age to 18 believe we should not lower the drinking age because 18 year old individuals are not responsible enough to drink alcohol. While, the people who agree we should lower the drinking ageRead MoreLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1380 Words   |  6 Pagesperson reaches the age of 18, they are allowed to tattoo their bodies, smoke tobacco, gamble and even enlist if they wanted to! As an adult, they want to be treated as one but how can they feel like an adult if hanging around with their friends and drinking beer while watching TV is illegal? Of course, that does not stop them, though. The United States is one of the few countries in which still have such a high minimum drinking age. Although most people thi nk young adults (18-year olds) are irresponsibleRead MoreShould The Drinking Age Be Lowered?995 Words   |  4 Pages Should the legal drinking age be lowered to age 18? Recently people have been debating whether If the drinking age should be lowered to 18. Some people think 18 is a better age but others think it’s outrageous to lower the drinking age to 18. After much reading and observing, I myself think the drinking age should be kept at 21 years old,because young adults who drink while they re underage make poor decisions and majority of the young adults are in college lacking in classes. The legal drinkingRead MoreDrinking Age Drinking847 Words   |  4 Pagesthe drinking age should be lowered to eighteen like most of the world or if it should stay at twenty-one. Underage drinking has been a major questionable issue for years, yet why is it not under control? Teenagers are continuing to buy alcohol with fake identification cards, getting into bars and drinking illegally. As a recent teen, I have proof that these things are going on not only in college but in high school as well. There are a lot of factors that come together to why the drinking age should

Moon Landing Exploratory Essay - 1029 Words

Moon Landing 1969 â€Å"Ignition sequence starts, three, two, one, all engine running, zero, lift off.† On July 16th 9:32 a.m., Apollo 11 was successfully launched as millions watched. Indeed, the lunar mission of the Apollo 11 was a new break through in the field of space exploration. Soon after, however, many controversies were raised on the authenticity of this event. Many critics of the lunar landing believe that this event was a hoax perpetuated to deceive the society. The debate, whether the moon landing of 1969 was a hoax or a true event, continues today. The space race, during the Cold War, all started with the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1. Although this shiny piece of metal ball sent meaningless â€Å"beep-beep†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Even if scientists wanted to make something like a Moon rock by, say, bombarding an Earth rock with high energy atomic nuclei, they couldn t† (Phillips). In addition, Phillip C. Plait agrees with Tony Phillips and comes to the same conclusions. For example he states there are no stars in the picture because, â€Å"The stars are too faint to be seen in the images† (Plait 159). However, unlike Tony Phillips, Plait explains the scientific reasons in depth. He claims astronauts have survived the incredibly high temperature of the Moon due to simple date counting. He explains, â€Å"Moon spins on its axis once every 27 days †¦ [which] means †¦ two weeks of sunlight and two weeks of darkness†¦ the surface doesn’t heat up the inst ant the sunlight touches it†¦It takes days for the lunar surface to get to its high temperature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Plait 166). The author of the paper believes the moon landing of 1969 really happened. The main reasons coming to this conclusion is that the lies could not be told by such huge amount of people and the theories can be all explained and understood with a little studying on physics and astronomy. If this were a hoax, more than a handful of people would have spoken up the secret. The author of this paper also believes that the photos and the films from NASA are real evidences, but have been misinterpreted due to the lack of knowledge on astronomy and physics. This topic still remains to be debated over because the moon landing wasShow MoreRelated65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaperRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 10. Ethical Dilemma 123 EXPERIENTIAL EXERCISE Who Can Catch a Liar? holds an L slip needs to come up with a false statement. Try not to make the statement so outrageous that no one would believe it (for example, â€Å"I have flown to the moon†). 3. The organizer will have each member make his or her statement. Group members should then examine the person making the statement closely to try to determine whether he or she is telling the truth or lying. Once each person has made his or herRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesThe Importance of Project Management Project Management Today—An Integrative Approach Summary Text Overview 2 All of mankind’s greatest accomplishments—from building the great pyramids to discovering a cure for polio to putting a man on the moon—began as a project. This is a good time to be reading a book about project management. Business leaders and experts have proclaimed that project management is a strategic imperative. Project management provides people with a powerful set of tools

The Great Gatsby Depicts a Society Essay Sample free essay sample

†The Great Gatsby depicts a society which exists in a province of confusion and moral pandemonium. ’ Discuss. The Great Gatsby is a fresh written by F. Scott Fitzgerald set during the 1920s about a adult male named Jay Gatsby through Nick Carraway’s eyes. and is considered one of the great pieces of American literature of all-time. The Great Gatsby shows a society that is in an immoral and deranged province. Jay Gatsby himself shows the corrupt American society and life style. Affairs and rip offing expose the unethical facets of the community. Materialism and the desire for ownerships cause people to dispose themselves of values. The inaccuracy of the American Dream leaves the society confused and complicated. In deeper analysis of the novel. Gatsby is non all that ‘great’ and in some ways is typical of the society of the clip. He has one end in life: to rewrite the yesteryear and acquire Daisy back. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby Depicts a Society Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page the adult female of his dreams. But in order to make this. he relies on deriving stuff wealth through illegal and unethical agencies. Gatsby admits to Nick that he is. â€Å"†¦in the drug shop concern. † in secret intending that he is a moonshiner. an belowground marketer and distributor of illegal intoxicant. He receives uninterrupted calls from his associates in Chicago and Philadelphia. hot spots of intoxicant production. The society Gatsby wants to be a portion of is based on money and power. non faith and love. Although Gatsby may claim all his actions are in order to make out and catch his true love. he becomes accustomed to his munificent life style and category in society that he sees nil incorrect with his activities. Gatsby portions a seedy relationship with Meyer Wolfsheim. a gambler and allegedly a adult male who fixed the 1919 World Series. who together. â€Å"†¦bought up a batch of side-street drug shops here in Chicago and sold grain intoxicant over the counter. † fly-by-night concerns that seem to pervert Gatsby. Gatsby becomes near to Daisy. a adult female who is already in a matrimony. Adultery is a common happening in this civilisation. There are legion sums of illustrations. including Gatsby and Daisy. Tom and Myrtle. Mrs. Claud Roosevelt and ‘Owl Eyes’ and Hubert Auerbach and Mr. Chrystie’s married woman. The fact that both the adult male and adult female in the cheating relationship do non see what is right and besides their other spouse gives an image of what the society was like during the ‘Roaring Twenties’ . careless and loony. Tom shows his defeat after he learns of Daisy’s love for Gatsby. stating. â€Å"I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and allow Mr. Nobody from Nowhere do love to your married woman. Well. if that’s the thought you can number me out. † He is seeking to claim what is morally right and support the holiness of matrimony. while at the same clip is in a relationship with another adult female. Tom’s kept woman. Myrtle Wilson. married woman of George Wilson. is like one of his prized ownerships. and. â€Å"he turned up in popular eating houses with her and. go forthing her at a tabular array. sauntered about. chew the fating with whomever he knew. † Despite her non being his existent married woman. he still did non mind exhibiting her around and demoing her off in peculiar countries. Many of the fornicators were besides rather affluent and prided themselves on their properties. Materialism was a desire that many had in the society shown in The Great Gatsby. This was majorly due to a deficiency of morality. a sense of right and incorrect and so mercenary points and wealth become people’s chief focal point and aspirations. Money is lavishly spent on apparels. autos and other assets. which is rather uneconomical and those who might necessitate it are non considered. Daisy is a adult female who left her love because he was hapless and has married a rich adult male whom it seems she does non genuinely love. Her sense of philistinism comes hand-in-hand with her careless life style. as she. â€Å"†¦smashed up things and animals and so retreated back into [ her ] money or [ her ] vast sloppiness. † Gatsby’s parties are a aggregation of epicurean points and activities along with vulgar and hideous behavior of people. Almost all of the attenders at the parties do non cognize the host personally. and so are simply at that place to take portio n in the abundant celebrations and take advantage of Gatsby’s properties. These participants of Gatsby’s parties. â€Å"†¦conducted themselves harmonizing to the regulations of behavior associated with amusement Parkss. † withstanding moral rules and codifications of action and instead are focused on indulging themselves in the jubilations. Some people used philistinism as a manner of deriving their alleged American Dream. The American Dream is a false myth that disrupts the society. The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States that says there are chances for success and prosperity for everyone. and through difficult work you can go wealthier and more successful. or whatever you want to be. regardless of race. individuality. gender and societal statues. Achieving the American Dream and your end in life is genuinely dependent on societal category and wealth. and limits a individual to what they can really accomplish. George Wilson struggles to do a life despite his difficult work and his good actions. as he believes. â€Å"God knows what you’ve been making. everything you’ve been doing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and so displays correct moralss. Gatsby turned to illicit activities in order to do his luck to seek and acquire his ain American Dream. Tom was born into his money through his household ( old money ) and ensures that really few new ‘members’ are allowed in this sol e ‘club’ . The fabricated American Dream represents a society that is unequal and dysfunctional. Jay Gatsby. criminal conversation. philistinism and the American Dream all portray how The Great Gatsby depicts a society in a state of affairs of obfuscation and ethical lawlessness. The inability of most of the characters in the novel to gain their comparatively immoral behavior makes Fitzgerald’s narrative all the more tragic of a potentially great state in the throes of acute moral decay.

The Question of African Agency in Colonial courts and Social Conflict

This study of African agency in colonial courts and subsequent social conflicts in Africa applied law to establish and maintain its rule. Looking critically at these aspects, I intend to approach Law as a coercive force that assisted colonial state power to help in securing order, enhancing capitalist development, and restructuring of social relations. [1]Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Question of African Agency in Colonial courts and Social Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Significantly, I examine how colonialists enforced new sets of rules and regulations to enable a general process of societal and cultural change. This process was a mission of civilization of colonialism. I critically look at how the mission was legitimized by importing Western set of laws that replaced traditional customs and rules. While historians were almost certain that Western laws were assumed to be more civilized, m ajority of colonial societies are still dealing with the effects this process and the legacy of this legal pluralism[2]. In Africa, colonialists enforced dual legal system in which colonialist law was superimposed in existing legal system. However, both sets of law depended on colonial state legal system. The establishment and maintenance of the legal system was a central feature European colonialist for many years. Majority of colonial societies are still dealing with the effects this process and the legacy of this legal pluralism. [3] In this context, I argue that it is important for the reader to understand that law was necessary for establishment of colonial order as it was the central mechanism of defining relationships between state and society. I guess colonial states were able to set boundaries of behaviour and control spectrum of private transactions through both criminal and civil law regulations. [4] More importantly, although the law was vital in the colonizing process, there existed some conflict concerning the ways in which this process actually affected those colonized. The law application of the law in strict sense perpetuated colonial interests and limited demands placed on the colonized land and labour[5].Advertising Looking for term paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I try to explain how the law was applied by both the colonized and the colonizer to resolve important disputes concerning authority and legitimacy. [6]/sup In addition, I maintain that the entrenched state system of governance include established laws and institutions adopted in African colonies. Historians explore modes of control that recognize customary rules as well as state laws imported from colonizer states. I argue that it is important for historical scholars to understand that customary law referred to the law of colonized people as accepted by colonial administrations. Customary law was es tablished by colonial administrations to guide disputes concerning non Europeans only. Many historians have justified the need by colonial administrations to have customary law as a method of providing autonomy and self governance to people they thought were not ready to appreciate the benefits of civilization. In addition, I argue that customary law enabled colonial powers to use limited human and financial resources to effectively control its conquered territories. Furthermore, I intend to reveal the purpose customary laws were codified by colonial administrations into fixed, formal and written rules enforced by colonial courts. [7] Colonial Courts and Social Conflicts The study of â€Å"Girl Cases: marriage and colonists in Gusiiland, Kenya, 1890-1970† requires people to understand the question of African Agency in colonial courts and the resultant social conflicts. While examining this context, I aim to trace the changes and explain; the intersections of the colonial tren ds in social and legal thinking, colonial administrative policies in Kisii, colonial political economy, and the ideals and actions of individual Gusii people that shaped this history. This study analyzes the importance of African courts, that is, â€Å"the cornerstone to indirect rule by colonies†[8]. Despite the importance of these African courts, little work has been encouraged by historians. Following widely publications in the 1950s and 1960s on African courts, historical appreciation of African law emerged in the 1980s. I argue that colonial administrators sought customary law of each tribe they wished to govern; I feel that indirect rule performed better if officials could implement legitimate laws accepted by those ruled.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Question of African Agency in Colonial courts and Social Conflict specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Whereas most African societies had not adopted an alterable, uncomplicated set of laws, colonial officials were not deterred. The study relies heavily on both civil and criminal records from the council of elders that served Gusiiland. The council of elders adjudicated many cases every year. Shadle examined court cases relating to marriage disputes in Gusii, Kenya. The scholar was more concerned with criminal cases of adultery, elopement (runaway Women), indecent assault and abduction. I use the court records to effectively apply to uncover the question of African agency in colonial courts and resultant social conflicts[9]. Eloping (Run Away) Women and African Societies Since historians indicate years of interwar as problematic for African women the earliest period of colonization, African women found colonial masters sympathetic to their suffering[10]. I deduce that this scenario changed in the early 1920s and 1930s. History indicates that colonialists had discovered women in rural areas as important for agricultural pr oduction. Prior to this period, women were important for social and physiological reproduction of men for wage labour. I conclude that they were confined to their rural farms to serve colonial interests as well as rural patriarchs[11]. From the study, I also reveal that; rural patriarchs at that time sought avenues to maintain authority over their women (wives and daughters). For these colonialists to use customary law (indirect rule) to maintain social stability and keep colonial rule, they required African rulers’ (senior men) to operate. They discovered the importance of cooperating with African elders in maintaining social order. African elders similarly asked for state help to control their womenfolk. Historians allude that colonial administrations strengthened these laws and monitored women movements with the sole aim of establishing authority and loyalty of African elders. Historians argue that African courts were established by colonial states to solve intra-African c onflicts. African courts adopted customary laws which were interpreted by senior elders as court officials in ways interestingly beneficial to themselves. I agree that these courts applied their authority to regulate the actions of women and youthful men. [12]Advertising Looking for term paper on african american? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This historiography tries to prove that the subordinated under colonialism contested efforts that empowered their superiors. As we examine the studies of peasants, slaves and workers during colonialism in Africa, we realise the majority contested exploitation by either Europeans of fellow Africans. As scholars project, every power nexus expects the subordinated to contest the relations that empower their superiors. Elaborate studies of peasants, slaves and workers proved that Africans resisted their exploitation, whether by Europeans or other Africans. [13] Abductions In this book, I wish to examine the effects of colonialism and how it was felt in Gusiiland, Kenya. I believe, colonialists thought there rule functioned only with the support of â€Å"tribal† leaders[14]. The necessity of such thinking will become apparent when we consider; â€Å"temperament of colonial administrators, their social and educational backgrounds, made them to appreciate strong patriarchal authori ty.† [15] Men in Gusiiland resorted to abduction to acquire wives in the later 1800s. [16] I argue that this evoked pitched conflicts between clans in Gusiiland. An abductor capable to hold his catch long enough so his gambles pay off. Historians allude that accumulating bride-wealth in the 1890s was virtually difficult as disease destroyed large herds; as a result this led to escalation on the number of abductions in Gusiiland. [17] After 1900, the number of cattle rose and marriage became affordable. Consequently, the number of abductions decreased remarkably. Ultimately, abductors and men taking in runaway women had the intension of marriage. Abductors employed the mode of violence and rape against their subjects. Shadle avers that they threatened and used physical assault to break the woman’s spirit. Popular brutal means they used included punches, knives, clubs, and others on women. [18] Besides brutality, abductors raped their victims as well. They sought to impre gnate their victims as soon as possible. Although premarital pregnancy did not ruin a girl’s chance of marriage, it was impaired. The affected women were intimidated through unjust branding. Abductees who became pregnant through this brutality so few options. Majority resigned to the forced unions. As court records reveal admission of one woman, after having been abducted for three months, â€Å"now I am pregnant and I don’t know what to do.† [19] Still in a desperate position, she later admitted agreeing to marry the abductor even though he had no cattle to settle the marriage. In essence, I deduce that maintenance of encouraged patriarch authority created marital conflicts in Gusiiland. Colonial State Representatives and marriage Disputes This study of â€Å"colonial state representatives and marriage disputes in Gusiiland† requires readers to examine the powers granted to chiefs, headsmen and other indirect rulers that made it possible for men looking for their abducted women easy. I approach the study by explaining that there was no overreaching authority in Gusii highlands during pre-colonial period; and this made it difficult for tracking down women who had run away to any clans. The power conferred to colonial state representatives enabled men to move with relative safety between clans when tracking down the runaway women. Litigants were encouraged by administrators to meet the council of elders (etureti) before going to court (ritongo)[20]. The status of the council of elders was contradictory. The colonial administration viewed the council of elders as a resuscitation of indigenous authorities; Gusii people on the other hand, regarded the council of elders as an invention of the colonial era. The book notes that they continued to seek guidance of their home elders (abanyamaiga). This elders pre-dated colonial rule and included all the elders from the lineage. In contrast, the council of elders were few, elected and appointe d as headsmen. They also had a jurisdiction of a large geographical area rather than lineages.[21] The study of â€Å"Slavery and the Birth of an African City† reiterates that colonial administrations established law to enable them engage with Africans who resisted access to resources, labour, and colonial power and authority[22]. I believe Africans contested European morality and culture. In the process of this interaction, Africans experienced the realities of colonialism. In away, both Africans and Europeans shaped the law and institutions during colonial period. Historians allude that Africans used law as a resource of resistance against colonialism. By looking at this study, readers should discover that they used legal rules and procedures as weapons of African resistance.[23]/sup Buoyed with African resistance to direct intervention and in the interest of checking the costs of administration, indirect rule by colonialists retreated from aggressive legal and governmental reform. [24] Colonial masters still endeavoured to civilize African institutions gently and through remote control. They did not wish to rush the process to avoid the risk of losing the stability of native society. The native society had political and social organization that was well ordered. In this system, all members had definite series of responsibilities to one another. Thus, the British administrator was then tasked with responsibility of reforming indigenous administration from within indigenous institutions. [25] Indirect rule was appropriate to the British to provide a solution to the challenge of administering the vast African empire. A wave of administrative reforms encouraged the spread of native administration across the British Empire. The historical account of this reforms incorporated indigenous systems of law and government, and this helped identify these indigenous systems and governing through local authorities. [26 This also required colonial administrator to i dentify pliable candidates. Roberts and Mann historical account found the British social anthropologists ready to tackle challenges. They found Africans to be best suited to serve the British, due rewards that accompanied the office. I discovered that native administration was easy to implement where stable states existed. However, the system created difficulties in areas as well. Indirect rule in practice encouraged instability. Mann and Roberts note that, although colonial administrators failed to notice it, colonialists imposed themselves on societies engrossed in tussles over leadership and power and the terms under which they were executed. The British built their colonial rule on conflict and change through traditional systems of authority as central to their strategies. [27] Some of the kind of authorities the British sought did not exist in some places. Where local rulers could not be found by administrators, they established them, for instance; the Igbo of Nigeria. In Igbo land, the British established native administration around Macdonald and Moor’s warrant chiefs. They reaffirmed there executive authority as well as judicial authority. Combining these responsibilities and resting them in single individuals went contrary to Igbo pre-colonial political systems[28]. As a result, authorities in Igbo-land lacked legitimacy of their counterparts in Northern Nigeria. The British social anthropologist sent to unmask the source of Aba women’s war, blamed in part the enforcement of indirect rule. [29] According to the anthropologist, native authorities were seen to be more powerful than pre-colonial village councils. In addition, these authorities used their judicial and executive powers to serve their personal interests. This generated widespread hostility. Women in Igbo-land protested when chiefs were empowered to collect taxes. [30] History provides that British were not the only ones who incorporated Africans into colonial law and governmen t. The Portuguese, French and Belgians as well incorporated Africans into their colonial law and government. The French West African government faced a similar conflict faced by the British administration when its indirect rule model resulted to Aba women’s conflict in South-eastern Nigeria. [31] The French also faced conflicts over authority and customs as it codified native jurisdictions and procedures in the French West African government. The period that followed immediately colonial conquests witnessed sizeable migration, urbanization and social change. I am confident that this resulted in rapid growth in urban centres and reorganization in rural societies of different ethnic groups. These groups engaged in domestic relationships, and took their grievances to native courts. The government introduced laws specifying customs prevailed in different circumstances in response to growing number of civil conflicts over marriage, divorce, inheritance and succession fronted by li tigants practicing different customs. Nevertheless, it was not easy to find qualified assessors to help both Africans and Europeans who presided over the tribunals[32]. In sum, we must know that the British and the French adopted the policy of governing their colonies through local systems of law. This became an ideological template to the British and French for the transformation of African societies that conformed to their model of colonial rule. I discovered that the executive and judicial authority was linked by this template. The competence of native authorities depended in the concept of indirect rule. Yet, customary law was established out of collaboration of Africans who sought to establish new forms of access to resources and labour. In addition, Europeans were looking for local authorities to occupy positions generated by their concepts of African societies. [33] Accordingly, the study portrays colonial beliefs as not standing alone. They faced African representatives and their own administrators at every point. The need of colonial administrators to rule their subjects through native legal and political systems produced opportunities for indigenous people through custom representation. Colonial administrators strived to civilize African institutions through indirect rule. [34] The study of â€Å"Litigants and Household African Disputes in French Soudan† on the other hand, takes a historical look at the relationship between the formations of a new system of native courts in the French Soudan in 1905. It also examines how women responded to this new system of native courts. Further, it enlightens readers to understand how the French colonial government charged with responsibility of managing the operations of these courts was mesmerized with the vast numbers of women requiring divorce. Two interpretations are provided as to why African women through these new courts sought divorce during the early colonial period. As a result, this influenced c ourt practices and drove native policy. The first interpretation explains many cases of women seeking divorce due to wretched circumstances in marriage; and second interpretation provided divorce as undermining the authority of the household head and family stability.[35] Women Initial Reactions to the New Courts The French administrators were caught off guard by the vast numbers of women requiring divorces when new courts were implemented in 1905. [36] The court records available indicate frequent incidences of divorce cases sought by women before the provincial tribunal. Women in the French Soudan realized initially that the new courts addressed their grievances. The new courts acted favorably to them as they were able to accept their requests to end marriages they did not prefer. Plaintiffs needing divorce in the French Soudan were required to articulate their reasons for needing to dissolve their marriages. [37] Reasons such as abandonment, mistreatment, non-payment of bride wea lth, spouse illnesses, incompatibility and others were cited as the main trigger for divorce[38]. The examination of the history of custom and Islamic law in the native courts of the French Soudan looks at customary and Islamic family law in native courts in relation to establishment of new courts in 1905. [39] By this I was able to trace emergence of these conflicts to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. We also discover that reforms in French colonial policies and subsequent revolutionary reforms occurred in France at that period. The study examines extensively the conflicts as a result of French colonial policy, and looks at how African litigants applied new courts to confound expectations of their colonial master. [40] This study requires readers to comprehend the colonial legal system as established in 1903 and implemented in 1905. The legal system had procedural problems affecting legal policy and cultural issues in the West African colonial establishment[41]. I argue that the established legal system presented thoughts harbored by the French administrators in relation to Islamic law and also African culture. Sharia law aspects in this law enabled custom and Muslim family law to function together and also guided on how non-Muslims solved their disputes. [42] It also provides procedure for African judges in making judgments. They did not put into consideration the extent of African customs variability. Furthermore, we discover that they did not anticipate litigants to new courts would cause the need for cultural strategies. Historically, colonial legal system was established to enforce uniformity and regularity in administration of justice in the French Soudan. I believe the system mandated establishment of courts and provide regular forms of reporting. While Richard Roberts suggested â€Å"codification of customs to allow use of customs to solve problems†, this was not fully realized[43] . Ii is necessary to understand that the new c ourts could not complete improvisation. More importantly, I argue, the colonial administration while establishing the new legal system did not project the enormity of social changes. The system was established on social changes that were profound. It politicized the courts by establishing new opportunities for litigants to apply native courts to solve disputes in new ways. [44] Bibliography Mann, Kristin. 2007. Slavery and the Birth of an African City, Lagos, 1760-1900. Indiana: Indiana UP, 2007. Roberts, Mann K. 1991. Introduction: Law in Colonial Africa. London: Heinemann. Robert, Richard. 2005. Litigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts in the French Soudan. London: Heinemann. Shadle, Brett. Girl Cases: Marriage and Colonialism in Gusiiland. London: Heinemann Footnotes Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 6. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 8. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 4. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 6. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 8. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann, 2006), xxi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvii.. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxv. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvii. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxvi. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxiii. Shadle Brett. Girl Cases: marriage and Colonialist in Gusiiland, Kenya (London: Heinemann,2006), xxiv. Mann Kristin. 2007. Slavery and the birth of an African City (Indiana: Indianapolis UP, 2007), 4. Roberts Richards and M ann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 3. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 7. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 9. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 37. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 11. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 6. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 6. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 5. Roberts Richards and Mann Kristin. Law in Colonial Africa. (Ndiana: Indiana UP,1991), 2. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 84. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 85. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 86. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 85. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 86. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 87. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 90. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 85. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Cou rts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 91. Roberts Richards. Itigants and Household African Disputes and Colonial Courts (London:Heinemann, 2005), 92. This term paper on The Question of African Agency in Colonial courts and Social Conflict was written and submitted by user Braeden Booker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Comment on the dramatic significance of any three scenes in Hamlet Essays

Comment on the dramatic significance of any three scenes in Hamlet Essays Comment on the dramatic significance of any three scenes in Hamlet Paper Comment on the dramatic significance of any three scenes in Hamlet Paper Shakespeares tragedies revolve around a person of social or intellectual status whose life is ruined by one great mistake or a tragic flaw. Hamlet reveals Shakespeares gift for dramatic characterization and brilliant poetic imagery. Shakespeare truly understands the human mind and sympathises with the problems an individual faces. This he does through his powerful language and striking visual imagery. Shakespeare wrote the play around the turn of the 17th century Elizabethan London was full of intellectual and artistic ideas, Hamlet is probably one of Shakespeares most studied and popular plays. Loosely based on Danish history, the play most likely has its origins in Histories Tragiques. The atmosphere was politically turbulent and dangerous. When Shakespeare wrote Hamlet he was already very experienced and a master of poetic techniques and stagecraft. He began to attempt radical new ways of engaging his audience. Hamlets popularity is due to his artistic exuberance, rich and varied incidents, characters and language. We observe Hamlets decoration of love for Horatio and his friends tender fare well. Shakespeares heroes have preoccupation with self and are introspective in nature. His tragic heroes are haunted by their conscience seeking their true selves agonizing over what course of action to take, as they follow what can often be understood as a kind of spiritual progress towards heaven or hell. Hamlet is an intensely theatrical play. It richly displays Shakespeares interest in his own profession as actor and playwright, and the London theatres at the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Shakespeares plays are written for the stage and so are intended to be performed and seen by audience. The work of art mimics the beliefs, assumptions and prejudices of the society of which it is produced. Hamlet was produced at a time of intellectual religious and political controversy. The rice of capitalism tested the absolute power of the monarchy. Hamlet dramatizes the struggles of the Elizabethan period. During the Elizabethan times, evocative passages reflected philosophical thoughts, these thoughts were often spoken in verse and rhyme also was used to convey excitement and passion. There was no real scenery and so setting was created through the magic of words. In Elizabethan theatre tragedy occurred when the essential good in a person is wasted when evil or tragic flaw overcomes the person. Shakespeare made events of the past have relevance to the present and the events also had a universal significance. In Hamlet the ghost of his father adds to the element in the play. In Elizabethan revenge was thought to be noble and manly and there can be order only if man can control his passions. Use of soliloquies and the use of dramatic irony would be considered as a literary tradition. Hamlet portrays the inner turmoil of an alienated melancholy young man ordered by a ghost to avenge his fathers death. His emotional journey results in great harm to others as her travels from deeply troubled questioning or to be or not to be and the calm acceptance to let be. It tells us about human life and responsibilities, it holds up the mirror up to nature, Use of metaphors and similes are the lifeblood of Shakespeares language. The images often form clusters. In Hamlet a number of images of sickness and disease are descriptive of the unwholesome condition of Denmark. There is also much beauty; dignity and majesty included the poetry of Hamlet. Shakespeare is able to capture a spontaneous outburst of emotions very effectively through his language and choice of words. In Elizabethan time punning was very popular, Shakespeare shows mastery of style and diction. The passage which talks about the qualities of a man show Shakespeare can write prose with as much power as verse. This is one of the finest passages in the play. The speeches in Hamlet are distinctive absorbing and engrossing. They deal with fundamental human problems. The dramatic significance sustains the readers interest as the play builds up tension. Shakespeare has uses forceful imagery and dialogue to keep up the readers interest. Shakespeare has shown the emotions that are related to relationships. Shakespeare has used the element of valuing relationships to make the scenes more dramatic. In Hamlets first appearance Shakespeare uses action, play and show as he angrily denies his grief, which is merely signified, in his outward appearance. The play presents Hamlet as a clever and thoughtful person who doesnt like to rush into things. An effective opening to a play should establish the themes to the play. Hamlet does this very well as one of the main themes in the play is death and a ghost is a good way to show death. Shakespeare uses the opening scene to show his ideas. Through his language he summarizes what is going to happen. At the beginning of the play fear, uncertainty, mystery, tension and gloom are the key elements, which create an overall negative atmosphere. Both the environment and the characters of the play create the atmosphere in the Act 1 Scene 1. Tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart, this quote proves that it is very cold and the characters react in such a way that they are a reflection of such atmosphere. By informing the readers of the past events of Denmark he states the effect on the present and the future, through which he sows the seeds of tragedy. The opening scenes of Hamlet tell us a lot about the play. This is done through the use of language, literary devices, pace, structure and historical, social and cultural references. An effective opening to a play should establish the themes to the play. Hamlet does this very well as the main theme in the play is death and a ghost is a good way to show death. The language and broken rhythms in the first scene generates an atmosphere of unease, apprehension and confusion. An unexplained phrase sick at heart anticipates the images of physical and mental illness, which colour the whole play. He begins the play with a short question, Whos there? this question sums up the feelings of fear, uncertainty, tension and perhaps curiosity. What has this thing appeard again to night adds to the supernatural element in the play and adds to the suspense in the readers minds, and on the other hand the characters Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio believe that the ghost can in fact be an evil spirit or it has come as a warning of trouble to come. When Horatio is told about the ghost by Marcellus and Barnardo, he does not believe it and says tis but our fantasy The appearance of the ghost at this moment adds to the dramatic tension in the scene. However when the ghost appears again Horatios first words after seeing the ghost are, it horrors me with fear and wonder. Horatio then states that the ghost has come back in order to carry out unfinished business he becomes more cautious. When he tries to speak to the ghost, the ghost feels offended and it stalks away. This instance was probably the start of the drama in the play as it is the ghost who is the cause of Hamlet acting upon his feelings. Drama is made when Horatio shouts, Stay! Speak, speak I charge thee speak! the repetition and exclamation create real anxiety. The final speeches of Act 1 Scene 1 are atmospherically poetic as Horatio explains how cockcrow was the summons for any wandering ghost to return to its prison. The beginning of Act 3 scene 2 presents Hamlet as a planner. He plans the play carefully and this is shown by his instructions to the players, his instructions reveal his fondness of drama. He makes important points on an actors performance, we see this in line such as, Let your own discretion be your tutor. He wants the play to have the right affect on the King so he mention to them to, Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronouncd it to you, trippingly on the tongue. He wants every detail correct for the right affect. He tells them not to be overdramatic, but also Be not too tame, neither. He wants the play to reflect the past, this also shows that Hamlet is clever, being indirect by telling the king he knows of his fathers murder. He wants to touch the kings conscience. Making him think about what he has done and the consequences of his actions. He says: The purpose of the playing, whose end, both at the first and now, was and is to hold, as twere, the mirror up to nature. When Hamlet is talking to the players he speaks in prose, which suggests some informality, and that Hamlet gets on with the players, but he also has some authority over them. The play is also a chance to test the reliability of the ghost. In Act 3 Scene 2 we also see Hamlets abrupt dismissal of Rozencrantz and Guildenstern, which shows the dramatic contrast to his wholehearted praise for Horatio. It tells us that a person who is balanced, and does not over dramatize is always appreciated. Hamlet is pleased with the play within the play he uses rhyming to show his happiness when talking to Horatio. O good Horatio, Ill take the ghosts word for a thousand pound. Didst perceive? This shows that Hamlet is pleased with the play and the play has served its purpose and proved the reliability of the ghost. This part of the play shows Hamlet is nervous, by using rhyme it makes him sound out of breath and speeds up his speech; it also shows his careful planning to detail in the play paid off. The play also has had an affect on the audience, when the king gets up they will not know why, they will be wondering what the dramatic exit of the king means, it may also change their opinion of the king, they may realize he is an angry mysterious character. Hamlets outburst towards his mother and the society is powerful. Shakespeares use of words and phrase add to the dramatic element of the scene. Words and phrases like the counterfeit presentment of two brothers; compulsive ardour and precedent lord show the anger in Hamlets tone. At the end of the play, when Hamlet is successful in bringing out guilt onto Claudiss face, there is a line with the same word repeated three times to show his guilt, fear, and nervousness. Lights, lights, lights! This part of the play shows Hamlet as excitable, by using rhyming it makes him sound out of breath and speeds up his speech, it also shows his careful planning to detail in the play paid off. The will also have had an affect on the audience, when the king gets up they will not know why, they will be wondering what the dramatic exit of the king means, it may also change their opinion of the king, they may realize he is an angry mysterious character. Shakespeares settings always tell the reader of what is coming up next. Tis now the very witching time of night, when churchyards yawn, and the hell itself breathe out. In this particular line, we see that the atmosphere tells the audience that something unpleasant is awaiting the main character. A metaphor has been used, for hell is given the human quality of breathing. Another very dramatic technique of Shakespeare is using cross-reference. I will speak daggers to her, when Hamlet talks at the end of Act 3 Scene 2 to himself, he brings out the evil side of himself, it suggests that he is capable of sin. Hamlet indicates that he will be cruel, not unnatural. I will speak daggers to her, but use none. This indicates that the drama has effected him and he is going to act upon it, this adds to the dramatic significance of the play as he does put his words into actions in Act 3 Scene 4 where while avoiding physical harm, he still plays mind games and accuses his mother of murder and where Polonius is killed is sure realistic in nature. More emotions of the characters are shown as the scene becomes more intense. O Hamlet, thou hast cleft my heart to twain emotions are piled on to give increase the dramatic effect in the scene. Both Hamlet and his mother are sharing their feelings with the reader, which shows how colossal their emotions are. Both are trying to show their anger towards each other. I must be cruel only to be kind. Hamlet expresses his thoughts and feelings towards his mother are very touching and are comprehended by the reader. Hamlet tries to show what his mother did was wrong and was disrespectful to his father. To give the world assurance of a man. This was your husband. Shakespeare uses supernatural imagery to suggest Hamlets evil side. Now could I drink hot blood, and do such bitter business, as the day would quake to look on. O heart, lose not thy nature; let not ever the soul of Nero enter this firm bosom Let me be cruel, not unnatural. The king now knows that Hamlet knows what happens to his father and he is in danger of losing his position as king and his wife. In Shakespeares Hamlet, a soliloquy is used to create the true feelings of a character. Often when a character speaks with others what he or she says might not necessarily reflect their true feelings. Therefore a soliloquy is a dramatic device whereby a character can pour his soul in order for the readers to have real and true sense of how the character feels and how the character thinks. It is only through these literary techniques and dramatic devices that we are able to understand the extent of Hamlets turmoil. Hamlets soliloquy gives a dramatic effect to the play; his confused state of mind is usually seen only through his soliloquy. We also meet a new phase of Hamlet as he exposes a new sentimental and emotional side, which is new to us. The language is given great dramatic force as repeated words, phrases, rhythms and sounds add to the emotional intensity or a moment or scene, heightening theatrical effect. Repetitions occur with the structure of speech for example as Horatio challenges the Ghost in Act 1 Scene, If thou hast any sound or use of voice, Speak to me Oh speak Or if thou hast up hoarded in thy life Extorted in the womb of earth, For which they say you spirits oft walk in death, Speak to it. Stay and speak. In the final dramatic scene Act 5 Scene 2 of Hamlet, the violence, so long delayed, erupts with dizzying speed. Characters drop one after the other, poisoned, stabbed, and, in the case of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, executed, as the theme of revenge and justice reaches its conclusion in the moment when Hamlet finally kills Claudius. The final scene depicts the greatest sympathy towards Hamlet, as Laertes and Claudius have combined forces against him. Claudius is willing to take any measures necessary to eliminate Hamlet, as shown when he does not prevent Gertrude from drinking the poisoned wine. In this scene Hamlet is portrayed as the victim. Claudius, with the help of Laertes is out to kill him. It appears that Hamlet is facing death because of his loyalty and honour towards his father. This makes the audience feel hi death is a tragic loss. The language in this scene has a cold tone, and it is not very difficult to understand the situation. In certain lines we see that forceful words have been used, such as, Grinding of the axe and My head should be struck off. The mention of weapons, tells the reader that something unpleasant is awaiting the characters in the play. Shakespeare creates an atmosphere with the trumpets and drums, making the particular moment in the scene memorable. The drama in the scene becomes immense as successions of deaths occur. This makes the scene very dramatic to the audience as they see continuously watch bodies fall. The relationship between Hamlet and his mother is first broken as she drinks the poisoned cup that was meant for Hamlet. Shakespeare uses language to show the tone of treachery when the queen is dying. The drink, the drink! I am poisoned. The death of the queen comes as a shock to the audience and the reader. Hamlet goes wild after his mother is killed. O villainy! Ho! Let the door be locked. Treachery! Seek it out. Hamlet realizes it was the king who had betrayed his mother. He forces the king to drink the left over poison as the punishment. Drink off this poison. Is thy union here? Follow my mother. Hamlet forces Claudius to drink the poison and so he also dies. Shakespeare shows his expert analysis on the psychology of the human mind as he has beautifully shown the Hamlets temperament. The language used is poignant but also forceful as Hamlet takes his revenge on Claudius. Laertes who feels guilty about being at fault for the unfortunate death of the king and queen committing suicide, exchange forgiveness with me, noble Hamlet. Mine and my fathers death come not upon thee. The language is very poignant as there is a tone of plea in Laertes speech. The deaths makes the visual effect on the audience is very dramatic. Drama is continued till the end of the scene as before dying Hamlet says many touching words. He talks in a poignant tone about the world showing his deep analysis of the world. And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain. Shakespeare has brought out the true feelings of the character. Horatio even after Hamlets death continues to perform his duties as a friend. Before Hamlet died he tells Horatio to his story. To tell my story. And Horatio does not disappoint his friend. Indeed, Hamlet does all the criteria of a tragic hero by the time Fortinbras arrives. In the final scene he is a man of action who is killed by circumstances rather than any direct fault of his own. The unexpected death of all the characters makes the end very emotional, and frightening. Hamlets last words to Horatio tell us of his dedication to him, Now crack a noble heart. Goodnight sweet prince. This line has a double meaning and does not clearly tell the audience of what Hamlet is actually trying to say. Shakespeares expressions and comparisons are natural and spontaneous. His style reflects the character of the person speaking to the same man in different moods may speak differently. One of Shakespeares favorite language methods is to accumulate words or phrases rather like a list, so shall you hear Of carnal, bloody, and unnatural acts such lists add to the force of argument, enrich atmosphere, amplify meaning and provide extra dimensions of character. The question of who we are and why, where have we come from, where we have to go, where we will go next, where we will end up are all expressed in the play. All in all Hamlet leaves us with a message that life is indeed worth living, even by imperfect people in an imperfect world, where revenge should know no bounds Hamlet is not so much a play as a companion for life. Hamlet is a family drama, and since we are all members of a family it sustains our interest. The focus is on family relationships like brother and sister, father and son, father and daughter, mother and son, friendship and friendship betrayed, importance of duty to ones own country, to those in power of oneself, to God, to truth are all cleverly interwoven into the play and generate the plays electricity (interest). In Hamlet Shakespeare dramatizes in a memorable way issues central to everyones critical self. His language offers to make thrilling theater and also having dark, ironic, melancholy, passionate, contemplative, desperate, violent tones used throughout adds to the dramatic effect that remains true to the spirit of the play. As usual, Shakespeare has researched information about his main character and then changed him into the dramatic personage that he becomes. I feel Shakespeare has very cleverly used the Ghost to heighten dramatic interest and the death of Hamlet at the end of the play to heighten the tragedy. The end results of Shakespeares changes are the creation of a powerful and memorable protagonist and a dramatically effective play. All in all I feel the play is not only a tragedy entertaining people but it puts forward to us a very moralistic situation, where it tells us of what rebellious attitude of a man can lead to and where no human can have control of his/her state of mind in situations which Hamlet himself went through, where his evil side took over his good.

Concussions in Sports and Return to Play Guidlines Essay

Concussions in Sports and Return to Play Guidlines - Essay Example He hit his head on the turf, lost consciousness and when he regained consciousness, he remembered nothing of the incident. On the same day, in another game, Troy Aikman, one of the starting quarterbacks had to leave the game when he was kneed in the head. His condition was also termed as a concussion. Two players getting hit in the head on the same day is a rare occurrence because mild head trauma is limited to 2% and 10% for any athlete and this calls for some attention to incidence of concussion in various sports. The word 'Concussion' induces horrible images of permanent brain damage. But there is a) low probability of an athlete being hit in the head and 2) the return and full recovery are often rapid. However there have been more complicated cases where effects of concussions lasted a very long time. (e.g., Barth et al., 1983; Rimel, Giordani, Barth, Boll, & Jane, 1981). A growing body of literature, thought not vast yet, focuses on the occurrence and effects of concussion in various contact sports including boxing, football, and soccer. It was found that while professional athletes can serve as good cases studies for various related researches, they usually do not report every injury making it difficult to gather accurate data on the incidence of injuries in sports. Athletes underreport for fear of sabotaging their chances of playing in coming games. (Gerberich, Priest, Boen, Staub, & Maxwell, 1983). What is a Concussion or Mild Trauma The study of concussion in sports is relatively new considering that literature available is barely 15-20 years old. Attention is being paid to the process by which concussion cases mild head injury and the subsequent post concussive symptoms that result. Concussion or mild head injury refers to blow to the head which may or may not be followed by loss of consciousness but causing an alteration in awareness. Though no serious lesions are noticed on brain in the case of concussions, some contusions may be found on the frontal and temporal lobes. The white matter in the brain is affected and some shearing might be caused to neuronal axons (Duckett & Duckett, 1993). Acute and chronic alterations in neurochemical functions are also reported following a head injury (Dixon, Taft, & Hayes, 1993). The problem with CT and MRI scans is that while they can detect serious signs of severe injury such as swelling or bleeding, they may fail to notice lesions caused by concussion. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to measure and categorize injury. With a score of 13 or above for example, injury is considered mild. However while this scale along with other factors just as length of unconsciousness and length of stay in the hospital are used to categorize concussion and resulting head injury, there is still a serious lack of consensus

Human Trafficking and Sex Tourism in Latin America Essay

Human Trafficking and Sex Tourism in Latin America - Essay Example Brazil is one of the countries in the Latin America mentioned in many international reports to have experienced blossoming sex tourism and human trafficking. The tremendous development of sex tourism and human trafficking in Brazil attributes to various historical, political, economic and social factors. Currently, serious cases of children involvement in commercial sex have gained an upward gradient as many of the participants are under-educated or totally illiterate. Evolution of the Menace According to Hannum, sex tourism in Latin America evolved as a result of increased demand for sex among the wealthy Europeans who travelled to Latin America to obtain cheap sex from the regional women. The evolution of sex tourism in the Latin American countries also relates to the establishment of military bases of foreign armies in those regions. The British armies are held as major participants in the evolution sex tourism in the Latin America. In the views of Hannum, governments of the Latin American countries like Brazil resolved to support tourism in their specific countries as this was one of the ways to generate massive revenues. Promotion of tourism in these areas coupled with the increase in number of commercial sex workers desperate for the foreign European currencies. Sex tourism as per the current statistics has grown to a multibillion dollar industry in Brazil. However, most of the revenues gathered from the sector do reach the government in either ways (Hannum). The industry encompasses women, males and international clients who either come to obtain sex or to sell their sex to respective consumers. Current Status, Trends and Predisposing Factors Hannun in reference to the reports of End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Child Trafficking (ECPAT), estimates that child sex tourism in Brazil rose to 500,000 in the year 1994. This is number is exceptional to Brazil alone without putting into count similar cases in other Latin American countries. Hannun reports that research conducted by the Predo Foundation averred that most incidents of prostitution among children in the larger Latin America correlate to regional incapability to care for its population. Reports indicate that most children resort to prostitution as an alternative way to earning a living. In addition, most of the children engaged in prostitution in the Latin American countries, specifically Brazil are victims of civil conflicts who faced abusive families. Hannum further demonstrates that increase in child sex tourism in Brazil links to the growing dislike of the old sex workers feared to have infections of sexually transmitted disease. Moreover, Hannun confirms that child sex tourism in Brazil and entire Latin America is factored by sex clients’ feeling of freedom from their social cultural rules that restrict the practice. The rigorous growth of child sex tourism in Brazil also relates to the increased media advertisements of jobs that lure desperate childr en to apply for such rare vacancies in their respective countries (Hannum). Advertisements of luxurious free travel have also been one of the ways used by dealers in the sex tourism industry to hunt for children and other sex tourism practitioners. Increase in sex tourism in Brazil also links to the wide internet advertisement of sexual pictures that trigger the urge for sex among the

Why Buddhism Appeal to Me :: essays research papers

One of the reasons why I took the course of for religion this semester is to perhaps come closer with my God again. After growing up in an Episcopalian household, it seemed that Christianity was the only accepted religion. I was very much encouraged by my parents, family, and society to say my prayers, attend Sunday school and church services, and be involved in the youth groups within my church. Religion, in some way, became a tedious event for me, and I slowly lost interest in church and Christianity as a whole. As I got older and began making my own decisions, it seemed religion’s importance in my life waxed and waned, and I never completely gained my excitement back--in all honesty, I was bored and I needed something new to try. With the intentions of learning something new (not to convert,) it was then that I began to research Buddhism and its practices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although I had read about many other religions from Taoism to Mormonism, it was Buddhism and its core ideals and beliefs that appealed to me most intensely. Buddhism (which has many roots of Hinduism) began more than 2,500 years ago by an Indian Prince named Siddhartha Gautama. Siddhartha became dissatisfied with the beliefs of the Hindu religion and sought to find the peace of mind he wanted; Siddhartha left his home and went to search of inner peace. Through much meditation under a Bo tree, he became Buddha, or â€Å"The Enlightened One,† and could then enter nirvana, the Buddhist place for eternal bliss. Buddha didn’t believe in the idea of a soul, but he did believe that there was something eternal in people, and that they cannot be born again, but rather be alive partially in all living things. He called this eternal part of humans karma. Karma is the sum of one’s good and bad deeds, as in the Jainist religion. Karma determines what a per son will come back as in the next life. The idea of karma was the most appealing to me, because it causes one to be cautious of their actions and instills the idea of â€Å"what comes around, goes around.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the beginning of human life, humans have been fighting with each other for what it was that they desired. Peace was destroyed because people were fighting for something they wanted, and most wars broke out because people were fighting for land, etc.

Why did the Tamburlaine plays have such extraordinary appeal for sixteenth-century audiences?

The Tamburlaine plays are two works written by Christopher Marlowe. In this essay I will discuss why the plays were so appealing to audiences in Marlowe's time and whether they are still as appealing to a modern audience and why. The character of Tamburlaine can be compared to some historical characters the most accurate being Timur the Lame, a historical ruler over most of central Asia. Richard Wilson compares him to Tsar Ivan IV, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, the 16th Century Emperor of Russia, whose tyrannical rule, may well be replayed in Tamburlaine. (pp.51, R. Wilson, 1996.) The first of the two Tamburlaine plays was performed in 1587, following Marlowe's graduation from Cambridge. The second was most probably written and performed later following the success of Tamburlaine Part 1 in the theatres. Some critics however believe that the two plays were written and performed together; ‘in November 1587†¦Philip Gawdy describes how in a piece recently presented by the Lord Admirals Men an actor, called onto fire a gun at one of his fellows tied to a stake, missed his aim killing a pregnant woman, a child and maiming others. This has often been taken to refer to Tamburlaine's execution of the governor of Babylon in the final act of Part II, but the assumption cannot be verified.' (pp. 69, V. Thomas and W. Tydeman, 1994) Also ‘in 1588 Robert Greene†¦could allude to Marlowe ‘daring God out of heaven with the Atheist Tamburlan', a far less ambiguous reference to the scene in which Tamburlaine†¦orders the destruction of the Koran and defiantly daring Mahomet to come down and punish his impiety.' (pp. 69, V. Thomas and W. Tydeman, 1994) Conversely it may be possible that in the eyes of a 16th Century audience, Tamburlaine's actions would not be considered heretical because the Elizabethans knew Tamburlaine to be an infidel and would be not see the Qu'ran as a Holy book compared to their own Bible. Had he burned the Bible the case would have been very different. The issues of holy texts were hotly debated during this time as in each English church there had now been placed a new English language bible, which was in many parishes regarded as an alien book. The emphasis on holy text would have resonance for an Elizabethan audience having suffered over the last 40 years the changes between English and Latin Bibles and the Catholic and Protestant religion. Tamburlaine often refers to God as Jove, the Roman divine ruler, but only when he is expressly defying God. ‘Tamburlaine: The God of war resigns me to his room, Meaning to make me general of the world; Jove viewing me in arms looks pale and wan, Fearing my power should pull him from his throne.' (Act V, scene ii, line 388.) This quote shows Tamburlaine referring to God as Jove while believing he has the power to overthrow god, he says God fears him. This could show a certain awareness of the heretical nature of his deeds. He would rather refer to a God that he does not believe in than use the one he does. A part of him does fear God but Tamburlaine does not want to recognise it. To show fear is weakness. Weakness is not acceptable in a man in Tamburlaine's position of power and his self-importance. Tamburlaine although essentially Muslim, seems to be indecisive in his religious beliefs. In the first play he refers extensively to the way of Mohammed or Mahomet as he is called in the text, then nearing the end of the second play he denounces him as ‘not worthy of being worshipped' and burns the Qu'ran. This act which would cause uproar today especially to British Muslims, if not Muslims of all nationalities, would not have had the same effect on a sixteenth-century audience, in 1587 there were few i f any British Muslims, they were thought of and referred to as infidels, ungodly and wicked. A recent production of Tamburlaine at the Barbican in London in 2005, directed and adapted by David Farr, censored this part of the text in order to not incite religious reprisals, ‘key references' to Mohammed were also cut from the play especially from the book burning scene; ‘Simon Reade, artistic director of the Bristol Old Vic, said that if they had not altered the original it â€Å"would have unnecessarily raised the hackles of a significant proportion of one of the world's great religions†. The burning of the Koran was â€Å"smoothed over†, he said, so that it became just the destruction of â€Å"a load of books† relating to any culture or religion. That made it more powerful, they claimed.' (D. Alberge, 2005) In my opinion the final sentence of this quote is inappropriate because I feel that the burning of the Qu'ran is an incredibly important part of the play, without it being the Qu'ran it completely changes what the scene means and how controversial it would be to modern audience. The Qu'ran is a holy text, burning just ‘a load of books' renders the scene completely unnecessary and irrelevant to the play and takes Tamburlaine's death, completely out of context, if indeed his death is an act of God, for him burning the Qu'ran, as many interpretations claim. Terry Hands the director of Tamburlaine by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1992 and Charles Nicholl, the author of The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe, opposed this censoring as did Inayat Bunglawala, the media secretary of the Muslim Council of Britain, who said ‘In the context of a fictional play, I don't think it will have offended many people.' Britain was a wholly and strongly Christian nation in 1587; no one would oppose the destruction of a book of another holy order, which they believed to be blasphemous. Violence and the disorder of war was part of contemporary Elizabethan England. Public execution and punishment in gruesome manners was a form of entertainment at the time of the Tamburlaine plays. As was making an example of those executed, as Tamburlaine's victims are hung on the city walls, many beheaded criminals had their head displayed on spikes to warn others. Many plays performed at this time used war or famous historic heroes of war as a basis for their storylines and often had what is to a modern eye grotesque and appalling episodes of violence. This is shown in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus (1584), without doubt his most bloody play. ‘Marlowe achieved far greater fame and popularity than Shakespeare at the same point in their theatrical careers (both born 1564).' (pp.95, C. Breight, 1996) With the exception of Titus Andronicus Shakespeare did not really come into his own until the early 1590's and was not recognised as great playwright until his later life, whereas Marlowe was celebrated through his early life before he died at the age of 29. Marlowe was genius and his work was well known and widely performed by the time of his death. The language in much of Shakespearean text is very elaborate and although a sixteenth-century audience may have been able to understand it better than a modern audience, Marlowe's language is much more direct. This gives much more impact and ‘says what it means' leaving the dramatic potential for the delivery. ‘Tamburlaine: Your fearful minds are thick and misty then, For there sits Death, there sits imperious Death, Keeping his circuit buy the slicing edge. But I am glad you shall not see him there. He now is seated on my horsemen's spears, And on their points his fleshless body feeds, Techelles, straight go charge a few of them To charge these dames, and show my servant Death Sitting in scarlet on their armà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½d spears.' (Act V, scene ii, line 47) This quote shows how Marlowe uses a straightforward and more direct form of language than Shakespeare's and this is and was part of his appeal to contemporary and modern audiences. The aggressive and ego-centric speech is impossible to perform in a retiring and introverted manner and the stage presence of the actor is larger than life. In accordance with modern audiences, sixteenth-century audiences loved a character that they can hate, Tamburlaine can be compared to more modern comedic characters such as Flashheart in Blackadder and Jafar in Disney's Aladdin. These words and others in the play need to be performed to understand the full effect of what Tamburlaine is saying. He is teasing the virgins, he is making a joke out of the fact that they begged for mercy and he is still going to kill them. This ruthless and cruel nature is what makes Tamburlaine the man he is, it makes him such a loathsome character. Despite being a dislikeable character Tamburlaine is also a very passionate character, his determination and victory in all his conquests, his love for Zenocrate, his mercy shown in sparing her father after conquering Egypt almost make him a worthy role model for the 16th century man. ‘Audiences were not necessarily intended to understand Tamburlaine; such was his shock value and his capacity to break through the very fabric of society with his ceaseless conquests and unquenchable thirst for power. (novelguide.com, 2009)' This quote describes Tamburlaine as shocking character which he is; he is designed to shock and inspire an audience, his inspiration may not be as noticeable today in a less barbaric and more modern way of life, but to a 16th Century audience it would have been obvious, Tamburlaine's enthusiasm for war was what England at the time wanted from its people for the impending war with Spain. He is a ruthless, power hungry, slaughterer who does not give the audience a chance to see how he would cope with defeat. Defeat is not an option for Tamburlaine, just as defeat was not an option for Queen Elizabeth I when she launched the fire ships against the Spanish Armada just a year later in 1588. Tamburlaine shows determination but it also shows him going too far, he forgets that he's mortal and he is still down here on the ground. He is still subject to God, although he heretically believes himself to be more powerful. All Elizabethans knew that a strong sometimes even aggressive leader was essential for their safety in the 16th Century. Their experiences in the reigns of Edward VI and Mary Tudor both weaker monarchs in their capacities of leadership and war must have been unsettling and remembered by theatre goers. Strong dynamic leaders such as Henry VIII and the later Elizabeth I gave a sense of peace and safety to at least part of the nation although there were still dissidents. The appeal of Tamburlaine as play could be partly because people could discuss him and his activities without fear of being thought treasonable. His strength as leader would have been commendable. ‘A Prince ought to have no other aim or thought, nor select anything else for his study, than war and its rules and discipline; for this is the sole art that belongs to him who rules, and it is of such force that it not only upholds those who are born princes, but it often enables men to rise from a private station to that rank.' This quote from Machiavelli's The Prince was a European view on how a prince or other leader should be, it states how a person of a lower status can raise himself up from private to Prince as Tamburlaine has done from shepherd to King. It states that a prince's sole study should be the art of war in his role as protector. Tamburlaine is a strong leader, his subjects are safe from any surrounding forces as shown in the way that Tamburlaine has fought off two advances from Callapine, the son of Bajazeth the former Turkish ruler whom Tamburlaine tortured and humiliated. His knowledge and performance in war is unmatchable. In conclusion the Tamburlaine plays would have appealed to a 16th century audience for a number of reasons. Mainly for the various ways in which the character of Tamburlaine presents himself, as villain but also as an inspiration, as a man who has become drunk with power, but also a strong leader who knows what he is doing on the battlefield. Tamburlaine's self contradictions are endless. A 16th Century audience would have enjoyed the build up to ultimate power then the anti-climatic downfall of their ‘hero'!

Mediation Intake Form Essay - 1106 Words

Pre-Mediation Information Gathering and Client Intake Unit 3 Assignment: Pre-Mediation Information Gathering and Client Intake Latanisha Sawyer Kaplan University PA415: Family Law and Divorce Mediation Prof: Ally Howell 09/09/2012 Pre-mediation Questions: 1. What mutual concerns do David and Angela have? What are their individual concerns? A mutual concern of David and Angela is that they both have lost ambition and this in turn has placed a strain on their marriage. Angela feels as though David has become increasingly distant in their relationship and has accused David of committing adultery. David at the beginning of the relationship was outgoing, but that has since changed placing strain on the relationship. David†¦show more content†¦Angela and David both have children, so it is imperative that as a mediator I help the couple to establish a parenting plan. Prior to doing this I would assist both David and Angela narrow the issues and because divorce can hinder the ability of effective communication amongst the couple, I would reframe the communication between the two, so that the real issues are being addressed and the message will be better understood. 3. What problems currently impede a divorce settlement between David and Angela? A problem that impedes the divorce settlement between David and Angela is that Angela suspects David is having an affair. David and Angela both equally feel as though they have lost ambition within their present careers. Angela is unhappy with her career and would like to take another career path. It seems as though they have not discussed what has led them to not trying or having the ambition they once had before. 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