Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay -- Great Expectations Essay

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens In Great Expectations, Dickens wants to explore what it means to be a gentleman in the rapidly changing Victorian England. He suggests that money is not everything, but you need some to get yourself started in the world. Being a gentleman means that you have to be moral, kind, courteous, hard working, financially independent and educated. Pip’s experiences of social class, in some ways mirror those of Dickens’ childhood. Dickens’ parents were middle class but moved down the class ladder when they moved house, (they moved from quite a nice house into a slightly smaller house in a slightly less desirable area, over and over again, due to financial problems, hence moving down the class ladder) which happened quite often. We say that they have downward social mobility. In the early stages of Great Expectations, Pip experiences many different types of social classes. These include the criminal class and the upper class, two very different classes. Dickens explores the idea of a modern gentleman through Pip’s experiences; at the beginning of the novel, Pip is in his own village, surrounded by people just like him and of his own class. Then, he is taken to Satis House where he meets Estella, who is of a much higher class. Estella changes his views on becoming an apprentice to Joe in the forge; previously Pip looks forward to it, thinking that it is the best thing in the world, but he changes his views drastically after he meets Estella because he believes that Estella will think that he is even more common than she already does. Jaggers, who is a lawyer representing Pip’s benefactor, comes to see him and informs him that he will inherit a grand property later in life... ...nce again, thanks to Pip. Pip discovers that Mr. Jaggers’ housekeeper, Molly is Estella’s mother and that Magwitch, his benefactor, is her father. Orlick, who used to be one of Joe’s apprentices, confessed to attacking Mrs. Joe after he attempted to murder Pip. He is sent to the county jail after breaking into Mr. Pumblechook’s house. Magwitch has a struggle with Compeyson, the man who stood up Miss Havisham on her wedding day and ruined her life, and Compeyson dies, after betraying Magwitch. After being abroad for 11 years, Pip realizes that he has neglected Joe and Biddy and apologizes to them when he comes back, a self-made man. He realizes that his ways must change and begins the long and difficult process of becoming a true gentleman. He also goes to Satis House and visits Estella. He sees that she is no longer as black-hearted as she used to be.

Air Resistance, Tyres And Friction :: essays research papers

Dragsters use a combination of large wide tyres or the rear and small narrow tyres on the front this combination is used for the following reasons: The front wheels: The front wheels are very narrow. This is so a minimum of air resistance or drag affects the dragster with lower drag better acceleration an in turn a better top speed can be achieved all leading to a better pass (race time). Now lets try to understand the concept of air resistance and drag. A basic example is placing your hand out the window with your palm facing forwards as you are driving your car along at about sixty kilometres per hour. You will feel a strong force of the wind (air resistance) pushing back at your hand. Now turn your hand side or so that your little finger is facing the front and your thumb is facing the rear at the same speed. The force of air resistance exerted on your hand is greatly reduced. This force is similar as to that exerted on the front wheels of the dragster. Now dragsters reach speeds of up to five hundred kilometres per hour, imagine the force needed to hold your hand against the wind if your palm was facing the front. It would be much easier to hold your hand side on. The same as it would be much easier for the dragsters engine to push the narrow front wheels compared to large ones. Air resistance is a form of friction (namely fluid friction) a friction from the air, as we know friction is defined as a force that opposes movement. The formula used to determine aerodynamic drag is as follows: Drag = 0.5 * rho * Cd * v2 * S Aerodynamic drag is a function of the following: rho is the air density, which we cannot change. v2 is velocity squared which is endeavoured to be maximized for the best time and/or pass. S is the frontal or cross sectional area which we want to minimize. I.e. less frontal area means that a less significant amount of air resistance impedes the top speed and acceleration. Cd is the coefficient of drag, which we want to minimize. So the two things with which can be worked with or changed, the frontal area and coefficient of drag, both of which need to be to minimized for the best results. Having very narrow front wheels minimizes the frontal area.

Madina Lake are an American rock/alternative band formed in Chicago in 2005

In this photo, Madina Lake has some very dark, murky colours in the background. Around the edge of the backdrop, it is entirely black. Black connotes that they have a lot of power and aggression in their singing since it is a very dominant colour. Also, it conveys a very sinister mood of sadness and unhappiness. So the colour of black already illustrates the personality of the whole band and what their music is about: powerful and aggressive music and their lyrics are sad and unhappy. As you focus into the centre of the backdrop, the colours shown are dark, murky greys and greens. The dark tone of the colours still conveys the feeling of sadness, and the shadowy green expresses hardship and misfortune. This reveals that in their history and backgrounds, they have encountered times of hardship and misfortune. The texture of the backdrop itself, a wall, is very shabby and tattered with some large holes which have been ripped out from it. This gives the impression that they are rough, angry band and have a very rocky style. The presentation of the band members is actually quite smart, but has the casual effect as well. They are sat on a white sofa on a white floor which indicates that despite the background gives them a powerful, aggressive appearance, each individual has their tranquil, peaceful side. They are all wearing slightly frayed jeans, showing they are casual and relaxed. Their shirts are smart and well presented; this points out that they also have their formal side to them. This fashion is quite popularly worn by rock bands these days, so this shows that they are your modern, up to date rock band. The lighting in the picture is used quite effectively. It concentrates on the band and gradually fades out around the edge. This is so the audience focuses on the band. As the edge of the picture is in shadow, it gives a feeling that they like to be enclosed by darkness, giving them an aspect of mystery. The eyes of the members are in shadow as well, further adding the aspect of mystery. All members of Madina Lake have some very attention-grabbing hair styles. Each member has their own unique style which shows that they want to stand out from each other in their own way. For example, Mateo on the left has blond hair with a black stripe running through it. The blond connotes that he is a fun and optimistic guy, but the black implies he has power and mystery within his fun and optimistic character. The camera angle is slightly canted at a low angle. The canted angle suggests they like to be interesting and dramatic and portrays a sense of unease and disorientation to the audience, and the low angle implies superiority and that they have power over the audience. This fits in with the dark, powerful colours they have used in the photo. To complete the analyses of this photo, Madina Lake are positioned very close to one another, connoting that the band are a very intimately connected group. There facial expressions are quite directed to the audience. The expressions upon their face have a component of seriousness, especially where the eyes are looking directly at the audience to grab attention and give the feeling they are connecting with you, but they have a relaxed body gesture because of their forward lean, open legs and relaxed hand position. This illustrates they can be calm and composed. The fact the band is made of four members gives an advantage, because you can't really have a middle person to lead and dominate the whole band, giving each band member equal values.

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays

Importance of Values in Organizations Essays Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Importance of Values in Organizations Essay Your values are the core of what your organization is and what your organization cherishes. Values are beliefs that manifest in how an employee interacts in a workplace. Values represent an employees most significant commitments to what he or she finds most important in life. (Values are also known as core values and as governing values; they all refer to the same sentiment. ) Value statements are developed from your values and define how people want to behave with each other in the organization. Your value statements provide a measuring device against which you evaluate all of your actions and behaviors. Your value statements give words and meaning to the values that you decide to live by daily. Value statements are declarations about how the organization will value customers, suppliers, and the internal community. Value statements describe actions that are the living enactment of the fundamental values held by most individuals within the organization. The values of each of the individuals in your workplace, along with their experiences, upbringing, and so on, meld together to form your corporate culture. The values of your senior leaders are especially important in the development of your culture. These leaders have a lot of power in your organization to set the course and establish the quality of the environment for people. Your leaders have selected employees who they believe have congruent values and fit your workplace culture. The Impact of Your Personal Values If you think about your own life, your values form the cornerstones for all that you do, think, believe, and accomplish. Your personal values define where you spend your time, if you are truly living your values. Each of you makes choices in life according to your most important four – ten values. Why not take the time to identify what is most important to you and to your organization? Identify and live your values. Manifest your values through value statements. Why Identify and Establish Values? Effective organizations identify and develop a clear, concise and shared meaning of values/beliefs, priorities, and direction so that every employee understands and can contribute. Once defined, values impact every aspect of your organization. You must support and nurture the impact of these values and value statements or identifying values will have been a wasted exercise. Employees will feel fooled and misled unless they see the impact of the values and value statements within your organization. Create Impact Through Values and Value Statements If you want the values you identify and the value statements you craft to have an impact within your organization, the following must occur. * Employees must demonstrate and model these values in action in their personal work behaviors, decision making, contribution, and interpersonal interaction. * Organizational values help each person establish priorities in their daily work life. Priorities and actions must be grounded in the organizations values and model the value statements identified for each employees job. * Values guide every decision that is made once the organization has cooperatively created the values and the value statements. * Rewards and recognition within the organization are structured to recognize those people whose work embodies the values and the value statements that the organization identified and embraced. * Organizational goals are grounded in the identified values. Employees have identified how their goals and actions are congruent with and demonstrate the values daily. * Adoption of the values and the behaviors that result is recognized in regular performance feedback. * People hire and promote individuals whose outlook and actions are congruent with the organizations values. Only the active participation of all members of the organization, plus the development of the systems and processes of the organization grounded in the companys values, will ensure a truly organization-wide, value-based, shared culture. Sample Values The following are examples of values: ambition, competency, individuality, equality, integrity, service, responsibility, accuracy, respect, dedication, diversity, improvement, enjoyment/fun, loyalty, credibility, honesty, innovativeness, teamwork, excellence, accountability, empowerment, quality, efficiency, dignity, collaboration, stewardship, empathy, accomplishment, courage, wisdom, independence, security, challenge, influence, learning, compassion, friendliness, discipline/order, generosity, persistence, optimism, dependability, flexibility. Although important aspects of your life and deserving of your attention, these are not values: family, church, professionalism. If you define what you value about each of these, then you are identifying the core value. For example, the core value in family might be close relationships; in church, spirituality; and in professionalism, demonstrating integrity in everything you do. Use this additional list of values as a thought-starter for your values identification process. Businesses have two types of environments: internal and external. Each serve a different purpose in the business world but also have the potential to directly impact and influence employees in the workplace. By understanding what external environments are, we can discover how and why they influence employee behavior. ? External Environment * A businesss external environment consists of elements and variables that exist outside of an organizations structure but can still impact the organizations practices, processes, operations and, of course, their employees. External environments include, but are not limited to, economical, technological, environmental and stakeholder variables. These are the most general types of external environments. However, depending on the nature of the business, there may be other types of external environments that the organization identifies through environmental scanning techniques. Economic Effects on Employees * The reason employees can be influenced by the external economical environment is because these elements have a direct impact on a businesss operations and ability to perform. In turn, it can affect how an organization manages their employees. According to the International Development Research Centre, economic environments can impact an organizations willingness to continue with projects. Things such as inflation and labor laws can hinder organizational growth, thereby affecting employee morale, motivation and commitment. * Sponsored Links * Develop self-confidence using the Latest mind tools with NLP International life coaches nlptrainingmasters. com/self-development Technological Effects on Employees * It is important to understand the relationship that technology has on a businesss ability to operate effectively and efficiently. Technological advances in the external environment can have a positive effect on employees. Newer, progressive technology can create easier work environments that make employees jobs more efficient. As a result, employee behavior may be positively influenced. But technology can also serve as a threat to businesses, depending on the industry. If technological advances pose a risk to a company, the effect it has on employee behavior will most likely be negative, as employees may respond with fear and anxiety. Social Effects on Employees * According to the Institutional Assessment, Charles Lusthaus, Gary Anderson and Elaine Murphy contend that social forces have profound influence on employee behavior. What happens in the social external environment can affect how employees feel toward their jobs, how motivated they are to perform and produce and what they value. Social stressors can induce negative employee behaviors, even if employees do not feel negatively about their work. But the opposite is also true. If employees are satisfied with the social environment, they may be more apt to perform and produce in the workplace. Stakeholder Effects on Employees * The International Development Research Centre contends that most institutions and businesses are dependent for their survival on various groups of stakeholders. The stakeholder environment consists of people and organizations that are external to the business, but are directly concerned with the organization and its performance. They have a personal interest, and oftentimes an investment, in the organization, which drives their involvement. The reason stakeholders can influence employee behavior is because stakeholders can impact where a business goes, what the budgets are, what the funding can be used for and other types of operational controls. This type of control can be discouraging for employees, especially if their salaries are affected by stakeholder decisions or if there are layoffs or organizational restructuring. To effectively sell a product or service, organizations have to know how consumers behave with regard to what they buy. The study of consumer behavior involves examining what products certain types of consumers buy and when and how consumers decide among products. As a small business owner, understanding how your customers buy your products and services will help you grow your business by responding to their needs. Marketing Organizations often study consumer behavior to determine when, how and where they should market their products and services. For example, if you know people tend to choose office supplies by familiar brands, you are going to try to make your office supply brand a household name, creating commercials, social media pages and promotions for your product. However, if you are selling textbooks that only graduate students buy, you probably wont spend as much time with commercials and will focus more time hanging posters in graduate schools and becoming Facebook friends with graduate programs. Product Development Consumer behavior helps organizations decide what products and services to manufacture or offer. When they know what customers buy and how they go about buying those products, organizations can more easily spot a need that has not yet been satisfied. If you run a technology company and notice that many of your customers buy educational software from college bookstores in early fall and spring, you may recognize that your customers could use a place to buy and automatically download educational software online. According to the Harvard Business Review, most organizations must learn as much as they can about consumers and what types of products they purchase to come up with a winning idea. Customer Service When you know how customers behave in relation to the products youre selling, you have a better understanding of how to provide good service to them, increasing the chance that youll have repeat customers. For example, if you know that customers tend to come to your restaurant because they can get healthy food without waiting for a long time, you should continue training your wait staff to be as efficient as possible. Gathering Consumer Behavior Data Gather some consumer behavior data by simply analyzing the sales information you already have. For example, you can see whether most of your products are purchased with cash or credit card. If you have a clock on your register, you know when people tend to shop in your store. However, you shouldnt limit yourself to this information. The most valuable information comes from in-depth answers from your consumers about their spending. Focus groups, surveys and one-on-one interviews are good ways to get information about consumer behavior. Encourage consumers to participate in these methods by offering rewards, such as a contest entry or discount, for survey completion or focus group participation.

Exploitation of College Athletes Essays

Exploitation of College Athletes Essays Exploitation of College Athletes Essay Exploitation of College Athletes Essay Imagine you work at a business outside of Austin, Texas. For 10 months out of the year you are required to be outside in the Texas heat for 3 hours a day twice a day. Now imagine that you also have a full schedule of classes to attend. On top of that you generate millions and millions of dollars each year for your employer of which you dont see a single penny, and if youre not lucky you are actually paying them to be there. Does this sound like some kind of underground sweatshop operation Nikkei is running in the heartland of America? Actually, this is describing the typical life of a allege football player at the University of Texas under the current guidelines of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Every year millions of people flock to stadiums across the country to watch their local collegiate teams participate in athletic competitions. Along with the entertainment provided to the fans, the schools give the people of that university a sense of pride and bragging rights amongst other teams. Over the years, the popularity of college sports (especially basketball and football) has brought in incredible amounts of money for their respective universities. These sports are currently multi-million dollar businesses that are branded, marketed, and sold in the same way that any other product is. In the middle of this fanatical marketplace are the people who compete in the sports, the student- athletes, who are sometimes overlooked as mere objects. While colleges and universities continue bring in millions of dollars off of these young men and women, they dont get paid a single cent. In the following paper I want to examine the underlying problems of the business that is college sports and how the athletes are exploited for their talents and how the universities that claim to protect them are winning big. In order for us to examine this issue we will start by looking at a few different models that have emerged over the years as this topic has become more and more prevalent. The first of these models is the Amateur/Education model. This states that athletes are only at the university in order to achieve an education and eventually graduate. According to this system athletes are considered an integral part of the educational process at the university. The athlete fully embodies the creeds that universities are allegedly based on. The idea is that the students who come to their school personify the values of devotion, selflessness, sacrifice and purity. The NCAA uses the defense that the students they receive scholarships. If a student is on scholarship then they are playing purely for the pleasure of the sport while simultaneously given the ability to receive a college degree. The notion that student- athlete abide to the rules and regulations of the NCAA and the Amateur/Education model while the school brings in millions of dollars is extremely hypocritical. They are essentially saying that it is wrong for the student-athletes to get paid because they are supposed to be altruistic vehicles for the school but at the same time the university is negotiating new sponsorships and TV contracts worth millions of dollars. In response to the problems brought about by the Amateur/Education model, a new, more modern-day model has been constructed that takes into account the economic realities that college athletics face. Enterprise that is subject to the same economic considerations as other industries. Using this model to examine the issue, economics displaces the principle of amateurism as the main proponent of college sports. This model recognizes that college sports are marketed, advertised and sold Just like any other product. By looking at the student-athletes as an integral part of the college sports community it is easy to see why they should be paid. They are the main reason why the sports make money. The viability of the sport is diminished if you take out the athletes. Without the players, you have no teams. Without the teams, you have no sport. Without the sport, you have no money coming in. You simplify it to no players = no money. This model also takes into account the fact that college sports are completely different now than they were when the NCAA was founded over 100 years ago. Economically, the decision by universities to not pay players is a genius method of exploitation. Lets take the University of Texas for example. Currently, a nonresident business major pays a little less than $17,000 dollars. A Texas resident for the same major pays a little more than $5,000. A four-year degree would cost less than $70,000 and $20,000 respectively. These are the 2009-2010 statistics which is the same year he Longhorns football team went to the BCC National Championship game. The very same year the reported revenue from the football team alone was 69 million dollars. Out of the 120 players on the team only 8 were from out of state. That means (assuming 100% of the players have a full scholarship) that the school paid $736,000 for scholarships. What this means is that because of the football teams success, over 68 million dollars was generated as pure profit because of the players hard work. After looking at the facts the idea that a scholarship is sufficient to reimburse the layers is a pretentious one. If the universities whole goal is to ensure that the students get a proper education then the stipulations on the scholarships should be enough to refute that. If an underclassman student-athlete decides he wants to enter the NFG draft he can. This means that he is ineligible for any future participation in collegiate sports. However, if he does not get drafted and instead decides he wants to finish his education, the NCAA regulations deny him that ability to do so. Without the ability for a prospective student to play a sport, universities are reluctant to give even arterial scholarships. In essence, the university is denying a student-athlete trying to test the professional market the very educational opportunity they claim to promote through scholarships. In response to the public support for compensating student athletes the NCAA has created alternatives that offer illusions of compensation. There are three possible sources of compensation affecting student-athletes, two of which the NCAA places limits on, and one that the NCAA prohibits completely. First universities can offer scholarships, which as we have seen is built around the secretion of the institution and serves to act as a compensatory system. The second is the ability for student-athletes to engage in limited part-time employment. Finally, the NCAA prohibits student-athletes from receiving money from third parties including agents, boosters, or endorsers. Each of these are regulated by the NCAA in a manner that limits the individual to pursue economic opportunity. The decision by the NCAA to allow student-athletes to obtain part-time Jobs was a welcome change. However, with the regulations on the amount of hours and wages that can be worked scholarship that covers $12,000 of his $17,000 tuition needed to attend the university. Now this scholarship doesnt take into account his personal or travel costs which we will say are $2000. The part-time Job allowed by the NCAA would allow the student- athlete to make the extra money to cover his personal costs. However, the employment system brings up the time constraints placed on ODL student athletes. One of the obvious problems is that student-athletes usually do not have time for even a part time Job. They have a full class schedule, homework, practice and travel mime for road games. A twenty-hour work week on top of all that would be a tremendous stress in the middle of everything else going on. By taking a Job student- athletes are tempted to work more instead of studying for class. Their time could be better served doing homework for class and earning their degree rather than working a part-time Job. Boosters are people who are not affiliated with a university but are instead fans or promoters of a specific organization. They are allowed by the NCAA as they are meant to provide the players with a positive support through nations of time and financial resources through the school. The NCAA sanctions the following forms of outside payment: any form of payment from a booster to a student-athlete as compensation for athletic performance; student-athletes receiving money from an advertiser using their name or image; and any student-athlete receiving money for signing with a sports agent. The NCAA Justifies these restrictions as being necessary to preserve the principle of amateurism and to protect student- athletes from commercial exploitation. The present system based on the Amateur/ Education model is not viable in the current collegiate athletic environment. The NCAA cannot simply rely on the value of a college education as compensation. The constant incentives faced by college athletes today are too great and acts as a deterrent against student-athletes completing their college educations. The NCAA must acknowledge that the commercialism in the existing system is what has caused the growth and prosperity of colleges and universities all at the expense of their student-athletes. Therefore, I believe the only fair way to solve this is to institute a venue-sharing plan between student-athletes and the colleges they represent in order to give the athletes the compensation they deserve. Only then will the NCAA be promoting equality instead of exploitation within the college athletic system. Revenue sharing essentially involves the practice of pooling together revenue from agreed upon sources then distributing it among the parties involved. All four major professional sports (NFG, NAB, ML, NIL) have some form of revenue sharing between ownership and players dealing with merchandising. A seniority based aerogram would act to promote and reward loyalty to one team. Seniors would get the largest percentage of the profits, while Juniors get a smaller percentage and so on. Leftover money could be given back to the athletic department to pay for other costs that have been generated. There would also be an additional compensatory system for teams that participate in post-season tournaments. Most of the profits gained under the current system are generated during these times and offer huge incentives for schools. The major difference for a playoff teams revenue sharing loud be a system based on performance, rather than seniority. This way a second- or third-year player will be rewarded for their performance rather than punished for academic and athletic) should be compensated for their outstays performances. While the NCAA does not sponsor an official All-American team the creation of such a team could be a profit-generating event which could then be used to pay the All- American athletes. The college experience presents many interesting avenues for student-athletes to explore and grow. They are able to meet new people, participate in the sports they enjoy playing, and ideally, earn a degree. But one of the more painful lessons each student-athlete must face is that they are subject to some degree of exploitation. To be specific, a type of indentured servitude taints college sports when universities profit from the achievements of their student-athletes without adequately compensating them for their time and effort. The argument for restricting compensation to student-athletes has become outdated. The Nanas alternatives to providing compensation do not furnish most student-athletes with an adequate means to survive through four years of college. In addition, the Nanas rules and regulations do more to destroy the notion of amateurism than to foster it. A compelling solution to this problem exists in the form of revenue sharing. A system of revenue sharing would provide student-athletes with more unbiased compensation, while still promoting both academics and athletics. A revenue-sharing plan would not unnecessarily burden all universities, but would ensure that those universities making a profit fairly distribute these revenues to the student-athletes who helped raise the funds.

Food is an essential requirement for living

Food is an essential requirement for living. When it comes to food; nutritional value and taste are the main concerns of most people. But what about how the food was produced, who produces it and where it is being sold. These subjects usually do not factor into the average consumers grocery decisions. Given the current struggle of Canadas agricultural community it may be time to reconsider the choices one makes concerning the purchase of food. The convenience of shopping at supermarkets may have caused one to turn a blind ye to local farm markets. Shopping at farm markets is beneficial to both farmer and consumer. I n terms of organic farming the consumer know they are getting pure organically produced food. The farmer whom grow organic produce will be more likely to sell organic products ant a farm market because grocery stores do not stock a great deal of organic products. There is also a financial aspect. Shopping at farm markets keeps money in the community and! farmers get a larger share of the profit. Finally, there is the issue of pollution. Transporting food across the country involves large trucks that emit exhaust into the atmosphere. Many farm markets are close to the farms, which means little or no transportation of products. Ultimately, an increase in shopping at farm markets would benefit both consumer and farmer. The most obvious gains for a consumer shopping at a farm market are greater knowledge about the food being purchased. The chances of purchasing 100% organically grown food is much higher at a farm market where the patron has the opportunity to discuss the methods used to grow the food with the farmer. At a supermarket the consumer does not have such luxuries. In Canada, an estimated 55% of canola, 45% of corn and 25% of soybeans grown are genetically engineered. Now, genetically modified soy, canola, corn, potatoes, cotton and other crops are mixed rando

Aspects of Contract and Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aspects of Contract and Negligence - Essay Example Standard form contract is very common in today’s world; it is mainly common with large companies. It occurs when companies draft terms and conditions of their agreements with their customers. The customers are not given an option to negotiate; if they cannot comply with the terms set, then their only option is to not enter into the contractual agreement. Unilateral agreement occurs when promises are made by one party, this type of contract can be best described by an advertisement requesting any person with any information of where about of a fugitive to turn him in for a reward. Bilateral agreements, on the other hand, occur when both parties have binding terms. This is normally in commercial contracts between companies. Bilateral contractual agreement is the best in the case of Katie and the builders. This is because it allows Katie to be able to set terms as well as the builders so that the work can be to her satisfaction. If one of the parties fails to meet the terms set, then the aggrieved party has a right to take a legal action. b) Standard Form Contracts The design of standard form contract is such that, in the event of breach of an agreement, it excludes liability or limited (Stone & Stone, 2002). A clause can be used to exempt a party from liabilities if it is part of the terms of the contract. If a party signs a document without reading it, he or she becomes bound by the terms set out in the document. If the document that sets out the terms is not signed by one of the parties, it can lead to lack of action against the party that breaches the contract. The main advantage of this kind of contract is that there is no need to draft it and the terms are very certain to the parties. The risks involved in this kind of an agreement are spread over to both parties making sure that none of them is on the losing side if their expectations are not fulfilled as a result of unexpected circumstances. The only disadvantage is that parties may have a hard time interpreting terms, and can even misinterpret them that can lead to a dispute resulting to breach of contract. c) Example of a Standard Form Contract An example of a clause in standard form agreement can read, â€Å"Jane will not be liable for any damages caused by negligence caused by Sam’s company†; this means that Jane will not take responsibility for damages that may occur because of Sam’s company negligence. d) Impact of Rules of Contract to Online Agreements The era of the internet has brought drastic change on how business contracts are carried out (Poullet, 2007). However, the rules of contracts remain the same and companies doing business online have to abide to the relevant regulations (Cavazos, & Morin, 1994, 39). These regulations were passed so that consumers who shop online can be protected as well as business people who order supplies online. The UK passed Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations in 2000 to ensure that consumers who pur chase goods and services are protected. These regulations do not apply to all kind of contractual agreement involving online transactions since they do not cover contractual agreements between businesses. They were passed as a result of a directive of EU of 1997 that provided protection for consumers involved in distance contracts (Great Britain, n.d). The regulations ensure that consumers have the right to request information concerning goods or services they are to be supplied with, and how much they cost before they can